The issue of qualified immunity for public employees is not applicable to DCI, since drum corps are private charitable entities. Corps employees are not school teachers performing their school duties. While this may, however, provide some protections in the short term for high school band directors, all it is saying is that until more light is shed on the current grey area of what is actually required with regard to licensing rights, we won't hold our public employees liable (in legalese: Tresona must establish that the director was violating "a clearly established right" that "a reasonable person would have known"). Ironically, the more legal actions brought by Tresona, the more modern judicial precedents will be established that will clarify those rights (and it will be harder and harder for band directors to continue to claim they were not violating clearly established rights once all the band circuits are making it clear to them that they are required to obtain licensing rights). Furthermore, only the band director gets that benefit - Tresona's case remains in place against the booster organization and the individual officers thereof. The issue of the defendant having actually received licensing has little bearing, since it is fact-specific to the case: the copyrights were co-owned by others as well as Tresona, and the co-owner granted retroactive licensing rights. This actually serves to both (a) reinforce the clarity that licenses are indeed required, but also (b) muddies the waters over whether Tresona is the appropriate entity for granting and enforcing them (see #4 below). The statute of limitations issue has no bearing on the issue if licensing rights. It just means that Tresona should have sued earlier. The one issue that will be interesting to follow is whether the attack on Tresona's standing to sue holds up on appeal. In essence, this holding requires that whenever the copyrights to a piece of music are owned by more than one person (as is often the case in popular songs with words), all owners must have assigned their rights to Tresona before Tresona has the power to bring legal actions of copyright violation. Since that didn't happen in this case for the songs in questions, Tresona lost. That legal point will be interesting to follow, although from a practical point of view Tresona may continue to make the claims that people must pay Tresona licensing fees, and it will take certain bravery (and due diligence as to whom actually owns the copyrights and whether they've been assigned to Tresona) on the part of a director to thumb their nose at Tresona. And of course, regarding works that Tresona truly does have 100% control, Tresona may choose to withhold licensing altogether until the directors cave on those songs which are only co-owned.